N4 Respiratory Critical Care quiz

Sole: Introduction to Critical Care Nursing, 4th Edition
Open-Book Quizzes Chapter 13
1.
The etiology of pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome is related to:
A. Damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane
B. Decreased cardiac output
C. Tension pneumothorax
D. Volutrauma and hypoxemia

2.
Mrs. Clemons presents to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress. She has a longstanding history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following positions would be best tolerated by Mrs. Clemons?
A. Recliner leaning back as far as it will go
B. Side-lying with head of bed at 15 degrees
C. Stretcher with head of bed as high as it will go
D. with the stretcher flat

3.
Which of the following is appropriate for initial treatment of hypoxemia in Mrs. Clemons?
A. Bag-valve mask ventilation with oxygen at 15 L/min
B. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via facemask
C. Non-rebreather mask with 80% oxygen
D. Oxygen via venturi-mask at 40% oxygen

4.
Which of the following is not a symptom of a pulmonary embolus?
A. Acute onset of chest pain
B. Hemoptysis
C. Low oxygen saturation level
D. Pleural friction rub

5.
A physiologic consequence of acute respiratory distress syndrome is:
A. Decreased compliance
B. Decreased physiologic dead space
C. Increased resistance
D. fibrosis

6.
_________ is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes hyperresponsiveness to allergens, viruses, or other irritants.

7.
A ________________ is a clot or plug of material that lodges in the pulmonary vasculature. It may result from a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a fat embolism from a long bone fracture, septic vegetation, or an iatrogenic catheter fragment.

8.
A common nursing diagnosis for patients with respiratory failure, regardless of etiology, is ____________________.

9.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome results in _______________ pulmonary edema.

10.
Match each description to the correct term related to the physiology of respiratory failure.
1. Decreased barometric pressure
2. Diffusion defects
3. Hypoventilation
4. Intrapulmonary shunting
5. Ventilation-perfusion mismatching

A. Impaired diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane
B. Leads to reduced alveolar ventilation and may result from drug overdose or neurological disorders
C. Rate of ventilation is not equal to the amount of perfusion
D. Unoxygenated blood is returned to the left side of the heart secondary to lungs that are adequately perfused but not ventilated
E. Hypoxemia that occurs at high altitudes