N4 N7 Critical Care Neuro quiz

Sole: Introduction to Critical Care Nursing, 4th Edition
Open-Book Quizzes Chapter 12
1.
Head and body positions are important factors in minimizing increased ICP and optimizing the patient's CPP. Elevating the head of the bed up to 30 degrees and keeping the head in a neutral midline position in relation to the body:
A.Allows for elevations in CO2 to dilate cerebral arteries
B.Facilitates venous drainage and decreases the risk of venous obstruction
C.Maintains an open airway
D.Reduces the risk of snoring
2.
Collection of blood in the space between the inner table of the skull and the dura causes a(n):
A.Epidural hematoma
B.Intracerebral hematoma
C.Subdural hematoma
D.Transient ischemic attack
3.
Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic nervous system to a variety of stimuli. Causes of autonomic dysreflexia include:
A.Bradycardia
B.Kinked Foley catheter tubing
C.Priapism
D.Tachycardia
4.
The third leading cause of death in the United States, the most frequent cause of adult disability, and the leading cause of long-term care is:
A.Brain tumors
B.Heart disease
C.Lung cancer
D.Stroke
5.
Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke is most effective if given:
A.Within 30 minutes of onset
B.Within 3 hours of symptom onset
C.Within 12 hours of symptom onset
D.Within 24 hours of symptom onset
6.
The _______, or nerve cell, is the basic functioning unit of the nervous system and serves as the transmitter of nerve impulses for information.
7.
The point of junction between one neuron and another neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland cell where an impulse is transmitted is called the ________.
8.
Because the brain is unable to store ___________, it requires a continuous supply in the blood to maintain normal brain metabolism.
9.
The ___________ is at the central core of the brain and controls vital functions.
10.
Match each description to the correct term related to nervous system alterations.
1.
Decerebration
2.
Decortication
3.
CPP
4.
Mannitol
5.
Basilar skull fracture
6.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
7.
Hyperventilation

A.
A standardized tool used in assessing a patient with neurological injuries
B.
The result of a cortical, subcortical, or diencephalon lesion
C.
The result of a midbrain or pons lesion
D.
Calculated by subtracting mean ICP from mean arterial pressure (MAP)
E.
Causes vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries, reduction of CBF, and decrease in ICP
F.
Osmotic diuretic
G.
Battle's sign and the presence of "raccoon's eyes"