Lowering the Risks for DM, HTN, CVD

From the Nursing Center

1.
When cells don't recognize insulin
a. blood glucose levels continue to rise.
b. the pancreas initially decreases insulin production.
c. blood glucose levels drop.
d. blood vessels stop remodeling.

2.
Vascular endothelial damage occurs as a result of
a. decreased angiotensin II.
b. decreased norepinephrine.
c. decreased nitric oxide.
d. decreased triglycerides.

3.
Prediabetes is diagnosed based on a fasting plasma glucose test of
a. less than 100 mg/dl.
b. 25 to 100 mg/dl.
c. 100 to 125 mg/dl.
d. more than 125 mg/dl.

4.
Prediabetes is diagnosed based on a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of
a. 39 to 100 mg/dl.
b. less than 139 mg/dl.
c. 140 to 199 mg/dl.
d. 200 mg/dl or more.

5.
Which of the following is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
a. age 45 or older
b. habitual physical inactivity
c. HDL cholesterol level of 35 mg/dl or more
d. history of polycystic ovarian syndrome

6.
According to the new guidelines issued by the JNC 7, prehypertension is categorized as BP readings of
a. less than 120 mm Hg systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic.
b. 120 to 139 mm Hg systolic and 80 to 89 mm Hg diastolic.
c. 140 mm Hg or more systolic and 90 mm Hg or more diastolic.
d. 140 to 159 mm Hg systolic and 90-99 mm Hg diastolic.

7.
Which food will raise the glycemic index highest?
a. broccoli
b. lettuce
c. cauliflower
d. corn

8.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of metabolic syndrome?
a. BMI greater than 30 kg/m2
b. triglyceride level less than 150 mg/dl
c. BP of 120/70 mm Hg
d. uric acid levels less than 5.8 mg/dl in women or less than 7.4 mg/dl in men

9.
In later stages of metabolic syndrome, pancreatic beta cells
a. are hyperactivated and produce excess insulin.
b. mutate and become cancerous.
c. become fatigued and insulin production drops.
d. mutate and die.

10.
A person is considered obese if his BMI is
a. between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2.
b. between 25 and 30 kg/m2.
c. between 31 and 40 kg/m2.
d. above 40 kg/m2.

11.
Both the ADA and AHA recommend
a. at least 50 minutes of low-impact exercise 2 to 3 days each week.
b. at least 50 minutes of aerobic exercise most days of the week.
c. at least 30 minutes of high-impact exercise 2 to 3 days each week.
d. at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise most days of the week.

12.
Why is eating 20 to 30 grams of fiber a day recommended for patients with prediabetes, prehypertension, or metabolic syndrome?
a. Fiber helps lower cholesterol levels.
b. Fiber helps lower BP.
c. Fiber helps lower blood glucose levels.
d. Most patients eat too much fiber.

13.
Which of the following is the most beneficial for patients with prediabetes?
a. statins
b. metformin
c. lifestyle modifications
d. troglitazone

14.
Which of the following is the first-line BP treatment for patients without heart failure, diabetes, renal failure, or CVD?
a. ACE inhibitors
b. thiazide diuretics
c. calcium channel blockers
d. beta-blockers

15.
Which statement about beta-blockers is correct?
a. They're recommended for BP control in patients with heart failure and CVD.
b. Cardioselective beta-blockers affect the bronchioles.
c. Nonselective beta-blockers are a safe choice for patients with pulmonary disease.
d. Beta-blockers inhibit the degradation of bradykinin, resulting in a dry cough.