Hep C and Depression Test

Here is another CE test regarding Hep C. I will post the link in the comments along with the answers.
1.
The rate of prevalence of depression during the acute and chronic stages of hepatitis C is
a. 12 to 30%.
b. 2 to 10%.
c. 12 to 20%.
d. 2 to 30%.

2.
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) about how many Americans are chronically infected with hepatitis C?
a. 1.7 million
b. 3.9 million
c. 2.7 million
d. 17 million

3.
Hepatitis C often is called "the silent epidemic" because
a. most people never heard of it.
b. a person can have the disease and not know it.
c. it is undetectable.
d. those infected prefer not to report it.

4.
Which of the identified routes of transmission for HCV accounts for the most infections?
a. IV drug use
b. sexual exposure
c. occupational
d. perinatal

5.
Approximately what proportion of individuals with hepatitis C have jaundice?
a. 60 to 70%
b. 40 to 50%
c. 10 to 20%
d. 20 to 30%

6.
One indication that liver cell injury has occurred is elevated serum
a. albumin aminotransferase levels.
b. alkaline aminotransferase levels.
c. alanine aminotransferase levels.
d. troponin aminotransferase levels.

7.
What percent of individuals with hepatitis C develop progressive chronic hepatitis?
a. 5 to 7%
b. 20 to 30%
c. 45 to 60%
d. 65 to 70%

8.
Approximately what percent of adults in the United States have depression in a given 1-year period?
a. 4.5%
b. 12.5%
c. 15.5%
d. 9.5%

9.
Neurotransmitters that function abnormally or are present in abnormal amounts in the brains of people with depression are
a. serotonin and cortisol.
b. serotonin and norepinephrine.
c. norepinephrine and cortisol.
d. cortisol and dopamine.

10.
Antidepressant medications which have the strongest evidence for effectiveness are
a. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
b. monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants.
c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lithium.
d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants.

11.
What is the relationship between drug treatment of hepatitis C and depression?
a. Treatment with interferon-alpha and ribavirin reduces depression.
b. Depression interferes with the effects of interferon-alpha and ribavirin on hepatitis C.
c. Depression is a common side effect of treatment with interferon-alpha and ribavirin.
d. Hepatitis C interferes with the effects of interferon-alpha and ribavirin on depression.

12.
Through what mechanisms does interferon appear to induce major depression?
a. a decrease in cytokines and a decrease in tryptophan and serotonin
b. an increase in cytokines and a decrease in tryptophan and serotonin
c. an decrease in cytokines and an increase in tryptophan and serotonin
d. an increase in cytokines and an increase in tryptophan and serotonin

13.
What three factors form the basis of the authors' conceptual model of hepatitis C-related depression?
a. symptom uncertainty, stigma, and powerlessness
b. symptom experience, stigma, and powerlessness
c. symptom denial, stigma, and uncertainty
d. symptom experience, stigma, and uncertainty

14.
Individuals with hepatitis C are stigmatized based on
a. societal reactions to depression.
b. the patient's tendency to blame society for their infection.
c. societal reactions to the manner in which hepatitis was acquired.
d. the patient's tendency to blame society for their depression.

15.
According to the authors, what is the basis for uncertainty in the individual with hepatitis C?
a. not knowing how the infection was initially acquired
b. the need to understand their condition and its implications for the future
c. not understanding their medication regimen
d. the need to understand precisely how their medication works