Test - Loosening the Grip of Hypertension

Here are some more silent killer questons. Answers are posted in the comments.

http://www.nursingcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=533464


1.
What percentage of patients diagnosed with hypertension have uncontrolled BP?
a. less than 10%
b. less than 20%
c. less than 30%
d. more than 50%

2.
Which BP is considered normal according to the JNC 7 guidelines?
a. 118/78
b. 128/85
c. 130/85
d. 140/90

3.
Which statement is correct about essential hypertension?
a. It's also called secondary hypertension.
b. It's the type most often diagnosed.
c. Its cause is well defined.
d. It's a new JNC 7 hypertension class.

4.
Sympathetic nervous system activity that may contribute to hypertension includes the effect of neurotransmitters on
a. alpha1-receptors and beta1-receptors.
b. beta1-receptors and beta2-receptors.
c. alpha1-receptors and beta2-receptors.
d. adrenal glands.

5.
Which action of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone response may contribute to hypertension?
a. Renin converts angiotensin II to angiotensin I.
b. Angiotensin II causes systemic vasoconstriction.
c. Aldosterone release triggers renal loss of sodium and water.
d. ACE stimulates renin release

6.
Which statement is correct about vascular endothelial damage as a cause of hypertension?
a. LDL prevents monocytes from adhering to endothelial membranes.
b. Nitric oxide released by damaged cells promotes vasoconstriction.
c. Damage to endothelial walls impairs vessel dilation.
d. Norepinephrine prevents vascular remodeling after endothelial damage

7.
A cause of secondary hypertension is
a. hypoaldosteronism.
b. hypothyroidism.
c. low-dose estrogen use.
d. polycystic kidney disease.

8.
Which body mass index (BMI) measurement is a major risk factor for hypertension?
a. 15 kg/m2
b. 20 kg/m2
c. 26 kg/m2
d. 35 kg/m2

9.
At what age are men and women most at risk for developing hypertension?
a. men over 40; women over 35
b. men over 50; women over 40
c. men over 55; women over 65
d. men over 65; women over 55

10.
Which heart sound may indicate hypertension?
a. S1
b. S2
c. S3
d. S4

11.
Initial lab studies for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension should include all of the following except
a. cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
b. fasting blood glucose levels.
c. 24-hour urine creatinine clearance.
d. calcium and potassium levels.

12.
The JNC 7 guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes or renal disease have a BP no higher than
a. 130/80.
b. 140/90.
c. 140/95.
d. 150/95.

13.
Which statement is correct about weight loss, diet, and BP control?
a. Saturated fat in the diet should be less than 15% of total fat intake.
b. Total fat intake should be reduced to 40% of total calorie intake.
c. The target BMI is less than 18.5 kg/m2 for lowering BP.
d. Blood pressure may decrease up to 20 mm Hg for each 22-pound (10-kg) weight loss

14.
To control BP, the patient should limit his daily sodium intake to a maximum of
a. 2.4 grams.
b. 4 grams.
c. 4.2 grams.
d. 5.4 grams

15.
Regular daily aerobic physical exercise may reduce BP by up to
a. 9 mm Hg.
b. 15 mm Hg.
c. 20 mm Hg.
d. 25 mm Hg.

16.
A normal-weight man with hypertension should limit his daily ethanol intake to
a. 1 ounce.
b. 3 ounces.
c. 5 ounces.
d. 24 ounces

17.
Women in general should limit their total daily ethanol intake to
a. ½ ounce.
b. 3/4 ounce.
c. 1 ounce.
d. 1 1/2 ounces

18.
A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products can lower BP as much as
a. 3 mm Hg.
b. 5 mm Hg.
c. 7 mm Hg.
d. 14 mm Hg

19.
In most cases, the first-line drug for treating hypertension is
a. a beta-blocker.
b. a thiazide diuretic.
c. an ACE inhibitor.
d. a calcium channel blocker.

20.
The first-line treatment for a patient with diabetes and hypertension usually is
a. a beta-blocker.
b. a loop diuretic.
c. an ACE inhibitor.
d. a calcium channel blocker.

21.
The recommended first-line drug for a hypertensive patient with stable angina is
a. a beta-blocker.
b. an ARB.
c. a thiazide diuretic.
d. an ACE inhibitor.

22.
A patient with chronic kidney disease who takes an ACE inhibitor or ARB should be closely monitored for
a. declining potassium level.
b. increasing cholesterol level.
c. rising creatinine level.
d. increasing chloride level

23.
What combination of drugs may achieve better BP control for African-American patients?
a. ACE inhibitor and diuretic
b. beta-blocker and diuretic
c. ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker
d. calcium channel blocker and diuretic

24.
Which antihypertensive drugs should be avoided when treating hypertension in pregnant women?
a. beta-blockers and vasodilators
b. diuretics and calcium channel blockers
c. ACE inhibitors and ARBs
d. calcium channel blockers and vasodilators

25.
The new JNC 7 guidelines recommend that BP screening begin at age
a. 3.
b. 6.
c. 12.
d. 18.

26.
An advantage of using diuretics to control hypertension in the elderly is that they
a. lower triglyceride levels.
b. decrease cholesterol levels.
c. lower blood glucose levels.
d. decrease bone loss

27.
Which statement is correct about beta-blockers?
a. Nonselective beta-blockers are preferred for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
b. Alpha-beta-blockers are the most effective in reducing heart rate.
c. Cardioselective beta-blockers reduce myocardial workload and ventricular remodeling.
d. Beta-blockers increase HDL levels.

28.
Which statement is correct about calcium channel blockers?
a. They increase heart rate and contractility.
b. They should be used cautiously for patients with heart failure.
c. They may cause bronchospasms in patients with COPD.
d. They're ineffective for patients with ischemic heart disease

29.
Advise a patient taking an ACE inhibitor that
a. its effects may be diminished by prolonged concurrent use of NSAIDs.
b. it may cause a decrease in serum potassium levels.
c. a cough is an adverse reaction that must be tolerated.
d. renal function may decline with long-term therapy

30.
Which antihypertensive drugs dilate peripheral vessels by inhibiting the effects of norepinephrine?
a. ARBs
b. alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers
c. direct arteriole dilators
d. alpha-receptor agonists

31.
Hydralazine is less likely to be used for hypertension because it causes
a. reflex bradycardia.
b. extreme diuresis.
c. inotropic stimulation.
d. hyperlipidemia

32.
A patient with a BP of 126/84 would be in which JNC 7 hypertension class?
a. normal
b. prehypertension
c. Stage 1
d. Stage 2

33.
Which statement is incorrect about Stage 2 hypertension?
a. Systolic BP is 150 mm Hg or greater.
b. Diastolic BP is 100 mm Hg or greater.
c. Therapy usually consists of a two-drug combination.
d. Lifestyle modification is a component of therapy.