N4 - test -Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease

http://www.nursingcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=587028
answers in comments

1.
Renal osteodystrophy
a. typically arises in stage 1 or 2 of chronic kidney disease.
b. results in part as the parathyroid glands become less responsive to vitamin D and calcium.
c. causes essentially painless deformities of skeletal structures.
d. affects 60% of patients with chronic kidney disease who are not yet on renal replacement therapy.

2.
Renal osteodystrophy that presents as high-turnover bone disease is also known as
a. osteomalacia.
b. adynamic bone disease.
c. osteogenesis imperfecta.
d. osteitis fibrosa cystica.

3.
Low-turnover bone disease is more common in patients
a. on dialysis.
b. in the early stages of chronic kidney disease.
c. who have hypocalcemia.
d. who have secondary hyperparathyroidism.

4.
Patients in stages 3 and 4 of chronic kidney disease who have serum phosphorus levels greater than 4.6 mg/dL should begin reducing or eliminating their intake of
a. citrus fruits and juices.
b. coffee and tea.
c. green vegetables.
d. dairy products.

5.
Which drug helps control hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis by enhancing calcium receptors in the parathyroid glands and suppressing parathyroid hormone secretion?
a. lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol)
b. sevelamer (Renagel)
c. cinacalcet (Sensipar)
d. calcium acetate (PhosLo)

6.
According to this article, a major challenge to nurses working with patients who have renal osteodystrophy resulting from secondary hyperparathyroidism is
a. making sure they understand the need for total parathyroidectomy.
b. helping them to boost their resistance to infection.
c. making sure they are taking walks daily.
d. getting them to comply with their medication regimen.

7.
One of the most common causes of nutritional disturbances in patients who have chronic kidney disease is
a. depression.
b. diarrhea.
c. alcoholism.
d. dysphagia.

8.
When assessing body composition in patients who have chronic kidney disease, it's important to use which measurement in calculating body mass index?
a. predialysis weight
b. average daily weight
c. end-of-day weight
d. edema-free weight

9.
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is prescribed for patients whose
a. potassium levels are high.
b. phosphorus levels are high.
c. potassium levels are low.
d. phosphorus levels are low.

10.
Patients with chronic kidney disease should receive most of their calories from
a. simple proteins.
b. saturated fats.
c. complex carbohydrates.
d. polyunsaturated fats.

11.
A patient with chronic kidney disease who weighs 154 lbs. should consume about how many grams of protein per day?
a. 16 to 24
b. 42 to 56
c. 64 to 72
d. 92 to 123

12.
A good recommendation for patients with chronic kidney disease who have poor appetites because of diminished senses of taste and smell is to eat
a. cold rather than warm foods.
b. blended rather than solid foods.
c. large rather than small meals.
d. less often rather than frequently.

13.
The most commonly used inflammatory biomarker is
a. serum ferritin.
b. serum albumin.
c. C-reactive protein.
d. transferrin.

14.
According to Himmelfarb and colleagues, the common factor that links malnutrition and inflammation with atherosclerosis in patients who have chronic kidney disease is
a. hypoalbuminemia.
b. oxidative stress.
c. uremia.
d. hyperparathyroidism.

15.
An early intervention recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease who develop anorexia is
a. antioxidant medication.
b. antacid medication.
c. physical therapy.
d. total parenteral nutrition.

16.
According to several studies, the type of exercise recommended for increasing muscle mass and decreasing inflammation in patients who have chronic kidney disease is
a. weight training.
b. racquet sports.
c. swimming.
d. walking.