N4 - test -Keeping kidney function flowing

http://www.nursingcenter.com/library/journalarticle.asp?article_id=519999

1.
Which of these patients is at the highest risk for developing renal failure?
a. a 25-year-old anorexic white female
b. a 42-year-old pregnant Asian female
c. a 70-year-old hypertensive African American male

2.
Primary glomerular disease
a. stems from a systemic cause.
b. is caused by drugs or infection.
c. affects the glomerular capillaries of the kidney.

3.
Cystic kidney disease
a. becomes symptomatic between ages 40 and 60.
b. isn't inherited.
c. affects fewer than 100,000 individuals in the United States.

4.
Which of these serum creatinine levels suggests renal failure?
a. 1.2 mg/dl
b. 1.5 mg/dl
c. 2.2 mg/dl

5.
A patient has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 58 ml/min/1.73 m2 for the past 4 months. This suggests
a. chronic renal insufficiency.
b. renal failure.
c. end-stage renal failure.

6.
Which statement about GFR is correct?
a. Children's GFR values reach adult values by age 2.
b. Men usually have GFR values about 18% lower than women's.
c. GFR values begin to decline by age 70.

7.
Which of these urinalysis components is a significant marker of renal disease progression?
a. glycosuria
b. proteinuria
c. bacteriuria

8.
The preferred method for obtaining a urine specimen to monitor for proteinuria is
a. a random sample.
b. the second urine of the day.
c. the first morning specimen.

9.
Symptoms of renal failure include
a. anorexia; patient reports a metallic taste.
b. dysuria; patient reports abdominal cramps.
c. hematuria; patient reports perineal pain.

10.
Which of these neurologic symptoms is associated with altered fluid/electrolyte and acid-base balances?
a. asterixis and paresthesias
b. hyperreflexia and tremors
c. headaches and irritability

11.
Which of these laboratory test results indicates an increased risk of bone changes in a patient who has renal failure?
a. elevated serum calcium level
b. elevated parathyroid hormone level
c. elevated vitamin D level

12.
Which of these treatments is recommended initially for a patient who has hypertension related to renal failure?
a. use of a beta-blocker to maintain the blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg
b. use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to maintain the blood pressure at 125/75 mm Hg
c. use of a potassium-sparing diuretic to maintain the blood pressure below 110/60 mm Hg

13.
A patient has a creatinine clearance of 25 ml/min. The recommended diuretic medication for blood pressure control in this patient is a
a. thiazide diuretic.
b. loop diuretic.
c. potassium-sparing diuretic.

14.
To reduce the risk of complications, which of these recommendations is appropriate for a patient who has renal failure?
a. "Increase your intake of animal proteins."
b. "Reduce your intake of foods high in cholesterol."
c. "Add potassium supplements to your daily diet."

15.
Patients with renal failure should be instructed to immediately report which of the following symptoms?
a. vomiting and diarrhea that occurs more than once
b. difficulty sleeping for the past 2 days
c. loss of appetite for 1 day