Does anyone want to take a stab at these questions from the Elsevier pathophys text?
Take one and post the answer. We all can contribute in the comments.
1. What is the approximate normal adult urinary output per 24 hours?
2. Daily intake of fluid is very variable. Which hormones regulate the renal output of water?
3. Oliguria is common following surgery. Why is this and what can be done to minimize the effect?
4. What is the renal response to hypoxia? What evidence could be found for the effect?
5. A patient has been prescribed an ACEI. What is this? How does it work? What are the effects?
6. How is glomerular pressure maintained in spite of the large volume of fluid filtered at the glomerular capsule?
7. A patient prescribed a diuretic complains that it causes palpitations. Please explain.
8. An elderly man who has benign prostatic hypertrophy has been prescribed a selective ? (alpha) adrenoceptor blocker. How does this work? Why can it cause postural hypotension? How does it help the effects of prostatic hypertrophy?
9. Why is there such a large percentage reabsorption of fluid from the proximal tubule?
10. Glycosuria and polyuria appear when plasma glucose is above about 10mmol/l. Please explain.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
3 comments:
1. Norm: 1.5L/24Hrs
Oliguria: no urine
Anuria: under 100ml/24Hrs
Polyuria: 200ml/Hr or more
2. Aldosterone: Released through the RAA mechanism From the adrenal cortex. Stimulated by hypoxia, low BP, dehydration, Decreased renal perfusion. Causes na+ retention and thus H2O retention. Increasing Bp and plasma volume.- Where does it increase Na+ retention in the kidneys?
Angiotensin II Also released from the RAA mechanism. Causes vasoconstriction. Thus increasing BP.
Also ADH-Anti diueretic Hormone is released by the pituitary gland. It is stimualted by an increase in concentration. When released it causes an increase in absorption of H2O in the distal tubules
5.An ace Inhibitor is an anti hypertensive drug, by causing vasodilation. It is used in patients with chronic renal failure. What it does is dilates the effernt arterioles thus decreasing the glomerular pressure. By this it decreases the pressure in the kidneys delaying the progression of renal failure. It also decreases proteinuria..Although Im not sure how! They must be used cautiously in pt. with ESRD because they can further decrease the GFR and increase serum K+ levels.
Post a Comment