N4 test Disorders of the Pituitary Gland

Study Questions Chapter 59: Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
Price: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition

1. Which of the following statements about growth hormone (GH) is false?
A. It is released in response to hypoglycemia.
B. Its release is controlled by a hypothalamic releasing factor and somatostatin.
C. Its release is inhibited by administration of arginine.
D. Its anabolic effect is mediated through IGF-1.

2. A 35-year-old multiparous woman seeks medical help because of vague symptoms of lethargy, lack of energy, and intolerance to cold. The history reveals that her menstrual periods ceased 1 year earlier, following the birth of her last child, which was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage. She is concerned that she is losing her sexual drive. Physical examination reveals an asthenic female with thin hair, atrophied breasts, and thin pubic hair. Blood pressure is 94/60 mm Hg, temperature 97° F, pulse rate 54 beats/minute, and respirations 16 breaths/minute. Laboratory findings include low levels of TSH, normal serum cholesterol, depressed serum levels of adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH), depressed urinary cortisol, and low serum level of FSH. The above data are suggestive of:
A. Primary hypothyroidism
B. Premature menopause in an otherwise healthy woman
C. Galactorrhea-amenorrhea
D. Primary adrenal insufficiency
E. Panhypopituitarism

3. A possible explanation for this patient's condition in question #2 is:
A. A congenital disorder
B. Postpartum necrosis of the pituitary
C. Adrenal carcinoma
D. A prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma

4. The cause of diabetes insipidus includes:
A. Destruction of hypothalamic nuclei
B. Unresponsiveness of the renal tubules to vasopressin
C. Both destruction of hypothalamic nuclei and unresponsiveness of the renal tubules to vasopressin
D. Neither a nor b

5. The hypothalamus secretes neurohormones that: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Facilitate the formation of a corpus luteum in the ovary
B. Inhibit the release of prolactin from the pituitary
C. Increase the synthesis of hydrocortisone by the adrenal cortex
D. Facilitate thyroid growth
E. Increase the release of parathormone by the parathyroid glands

6. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Synthesized in the neurohypophysis
B. Secreted by the adenohypophysis
C. Synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus
D. Stored and released from the neurohypophysis

7. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) secretion is: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A.Inhibited by high serum levels of cortisol
B.Depressed in Cushing's disease caused by pituitary ACTH excess
C. Greatly increased in Addison's disease
D. Controlled by a releasing hormone

8. Prepubertal panhypopituitarism may be manifested by: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Acromegaly
B. Retardation of growth
C. Pale, dry skin
D. Precocious sexual development
E. Slow intellectual development

9. Acromegaly results from: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Hypersecretion of GH in a child
B. Extrapituitary neoplasia that causes secretion of GHRH ectopically
C. Hypersecretion of GH in an adult
D. Parathormone hypersecretion
E. Pituitary insufficiency

10. Physical signs of acromegaly include: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Frontal bossing
B. Prominence of the supraorbital ridges
C. Broad, greatly enlarged, spade-shaped hands
D. Prognathism

11.Patients with acromegaly often experience: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Slurred speech
B. Weight loss
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Headaches

12. Common radiologic signs in acromegaly include: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Thickened calvaria
B. Enlargement of the paranasal and frontal sinuses
C. Increased length and thickness of the mandible
D. Enlargement of the sella turcica

13.Signs and symptoms associated with central diabetes insipidus include: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Polydipsia
B. Dry skin and mucus membranes
C. Hyperprolactinemia
D. Polyuria

14. Human GH is used to treat: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A. Pituitary dwarfism
B. Adrenal insufficiency
C. Hypopituitarism
D. Hypothyroidism

15. Gonadotropin deficiency in hypopituitarism may be treated by the administration of androgens and estrogens.
True False

16. GH for treatment of hypopituitary dwarfs is obtained by extraction of the hormone from the pituitary glands of cattle and swine.
True False

17. Giantism and acromegaly are caused by excessive secretion of somatotropin.
True False

18. Patients with suspected pituitary disease require only biochemical confirmation by specific tests that reveal abnormality of pituitary function characteristic of the suspected condition.
True False

19. Computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sella turcica demonstrate pituitary microadenomas and macroadenomas with extrasellar extension involving the suprasellar cistern, the parasellar regions, or the sphenoid sinus.
True False