N4 Pharm quiz Antidiabetic Agents

Lilley: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th Edition
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1. Which rapid-acting insulin starts working in less than 15 minutes after administration?
A.insulin glargine (Lantus)
B. insulin aspart (Novolog)
C. regular insulin (Humulin R)
D. Ultralente insulin (Humulin U)

2. Which new long-acting insulin mimics natural, basal insulin with its duration of 24 hours?
A. insulin glargine (Lantus)
B. insulin aspart (Novolog)
C. regular insulin (Humulin R)
D. Ultralente insulin (Humulin U)

3. Which insulin is used for continuous intravenous infusions?
A. insulin glargine (Lantus)
B. insulin aspart (Novolog)
C. regular insulin (Humulin R)
D. Ultralente insulin (Humulin U)

4. For the most consistent absorption, insulin should be injected into the:
A. Abdomen
B. Arm
C. Thigh
D. Buttocks

5. Assuming the patient eats breakfast at 8:30 AM, lunch at noon, and dinner at 6:00 PM, he or she is at highest risk of hypoglycemia following an 8:00 AM dose of NPH insulin at:
A. 10 AM
B. 2 PM
C. 5 PM
D. 8 PM

6. Which is NOT part of a teaching plan for patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents?
A. Limit your alcohol consumption
B. Report symptoms of anorexia and fatigue
C. Take your medication only as needed
D. Notify your physician if blood glucose levels rise above the level set for you

7. Which of the following drugs has been associated with a decrease in triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) as well as an increase in HDLs?
A. acarbose (Precose)
B. metformin (Glucophage)
C. repaglinide (Prandin)
D. rosiglitazone (Avandia)

8. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors differ from the sulfonylureas in that they:
A. Greatly stimulate pancreatic insulin release
B. Greatly increase the sensitivity of insulin receptor sites
C. Delay the absorption of glucose, leading to lower glucose levels
D. Cannot be used in combination with other antidiabetic agents

9. Sulfonylureas reduce serum glucose by:
A. Increasing beta-cell stimulation, causing insulin release
B. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
C. Increasing number or sensitivity of insulin receptors
D. All of the above

10.
Which of the following oral hypoglycemic agents has a quick onset and short duration of action, enabling the patient to take the medication immediately before eating and skipping medication if he or she does not eat?
A. acarbose (Precose)
B. metformin (Glucophage)
C. repaglinide (Prandin)
D. rosiglitazone (Avandia)

11. A patient taking insulin is at risk for unrecognized hypoglycemia if concurrently prescribed:
A. aspirin
B. Thiazide diuretics
C. Beta-adrenergic blockers
D. codeine

12. When administering 30 units regular insulin and 70 units NPH insulin, the nurse will:
A. Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin
B. Inform the patient that mixing insulins will help increase insulin production
C. Rotate sites at least once weekly and label the sites used on a diagram
D. Use a 23- to 25-gauge syringe with a 1-inch needle for maximum absorption

13.
The nurse would include which of the following statements when teaching a patient about insulin glargine?
A. “You should inject this insulin just before meals because it is very fast-acting.”
B. “The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day.”
C. “You can mix this insulin with Lente insulin to enhance its effects.”
D. “You cannot mix this insulin with regular insulin and thus will have to take two injections.”

14. In order to achieve the most beneficial effect, the nurse plans to administer glipizide (Glucotrol):
A. With food
B. 30 minutes before a meal
C. 15 minutes postprandial
D. At bedtime

15. Diabetic teaching includes treatment of hypoglycemia with:
A. propranolol (Inderal)
B. Glucagon
C. acarbose (Precose)
D. bumetanide (Bumex)